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Ammonia removal using activated carbons: effect of the surface chemistry in dry and moist conditions

机译：使用活性炭去除氨：在干燥和潮湿条件下表面化学的影响

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摘要

The effect of surface chemistry (nature and amount of oxygen groups) in the removal of ammonia was studied using a modified resin-based activated carbon. NH3 breakthrough column experiments show that the modification of the original activated carbon with nitric acid, that is, the incorporation of oxygen surface groups, highly improves the adsorption behavior at room temperature. Apparently, there is a linear relationship between the total adsorption capacity and the amount of the more acidic and less stable oxygen surface groups. Similar experiments using moist air clearly show that the effect of humidity highly depends on the surface chemistry of the carbon used. Moisture highly improves the adsorption behavior for samples with a low concentration of oxygen functionalities, probably due to the preferential adsorption of ammonia via dissolution into water. On the contrary, moisture exhibits a small effect on samples with a rich surface chemistry due to the preferential adsorption pathway via Brønsted and Lewis acid centers from the carbon surface. FTIR analyses of the exhausted oxidized samples confirm both the formation of NH4+ species interacting with the Brønsted acid sites, together with the presence of NH3 species coordinated, through the lone pair electron, to Lewis acid sites on the graphene layers.
机译：使用改性的基于树脂的活性炭研究了表面化学作用（性质和氧基团数量）在去除氨中的作用。 NH3突破柱实验表明，用硝酸对原始活性炭进行改性，即引入氧表面基团，可大大提高室温下的吸附性能。显然，总吸附容量与酸性更高，稳定性较差的氧表面基团的数量之间存在线性关系。使用潮湿空气的类似实验清楚地表明，湿度的影响在很大程度上取决于所用碳的表面化学性质。水分可高度改善具有低浓度氧官能团的样品的吸附性能，这可能是由于氨通过溶解在水中而优先吸附的结果。相反，由于从碳表面通过布朗斯台德和路易斯酸中心的优先吸附途径，水分对具有丰富表面化学性质的样品的影响很小。耗尽的氧化样品的FTIR分析证实了与布朗斯台德酸位点相互作用的NH4 +物种的形成，以及通过孤对电子与石墨烯层上的路易斯酸位点相协调的NH3物种的存在。

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